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Chapter 5: Income Tax Return Filing for Crypto

Step-by-step guide to filing your ITR with cryptocurrency transactions and claiming TDS credits

Author: Harshit Singhal
15 min read

💡 Key Takeaway

Crypto transactions must be reported in your Income Tax Return under "Income from Other Sources" with proper documentation and TDS credit claims.

Which ITR Form to Use?

For most individuals with cryptocurrency transactions, you'll need to file ITR-2 or ITR-3 depending on your other income sources. ITR-1 (Sahaj) cannot be used if you have crypto income.

📋 ITR-2 (Recommended)

Use ITR-2 if you are an individual/HUF with:

  • Salary income + crypto gains
  • Capital gains from any source
  • Income from other sources (crypto)
  • No business/professional income

📋 ITR-3

Use ITR-3 if you have:

  • Business/professional income
  • Crypto trading as business
  • Partnership firm income
  • Presumptive taxation scheme

Where to Report Crypto Income in ITR

ITR-2 Schedule: Income from Other Sources

Step 1: Navigate to "Income from Other Sources"

In ITR-2, go to Schedule OS (Other Sources) → Add a new entry for Virtual Digital Asset income.

Step 2: Enter Gross Amount

Enter the total sale consideration (gross amount received from all crypto sales during the year).

Step 3: Enter Deductions

Enter only the cost of acquisition. Remember: no other expenses are allowed as deductions.

Step-by-Step ITR Filing Process

🔢 Step 1: Calculate Total Crypto Income

Example Calculation:

  • • Total sales during FY 2023-24: ₹15,00,000
  • • Total cost of acquisition: ₹10,00,000
  • Taxable income from crypto: ₹5,00,000
  • • Tax @ 30%: ₹1,50,000

📝 Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Primary Documents:
  • • Form 16 (if salaried)
  • • Bank statements
  • • Exchange transaction history
  • • TDS certificates (Form 16A)
Supporting Records:
  • • Detailed transaction log
  • • Purchase/sale receipts
  • • Fair market value proof
  • • Wallet transfer records

💻 Step 3: Online Filing Process

  1. Login to Income Tax e-filing portal (incometax.gov.in)
  2. Select appropriate ITR form (ITR-2 or ITR-3)
  3. Fill personal information and basic details
  4. Enter salary income (if applicable) in appropriate schedule
  5. Go to "Income from Other Sources" schedule
  6. Add Virtual Digital Asset income entry
  7. Enter gross amount and cost of acquisition
  8. Proceed to TDS section and enter TDS details
  9. Calculate tax liability and verify
  10. Submit and generate acknowledgment

Claiming TDS Credits

🔄 TDS Credit Process

Schedule TDS - Enter TDS Details

In the TDS schedule, add entries for each TDS certificate:

  • • TAN of the deductor (exchange/buyer)
  • • TDS certificate number
  • • Date of deduction
  • • Amount of TDS deducted
  • • Gross amount on which TDS was deducted

✅ Automatic Adjustment

The system will automatically adjust TDS credits against your tax liability. If TDS > tax due, you'll get a refund. If TDS < tax due, you'll need to pay the balance.

Common Scenarios and Examples

Scenario 1: Salaried + Crypto Gains

Profile: Software engineer with crypto investments
Salary income:₹12,00,000
Crypto gains:₹3,00,000
Total income:₹15,00,000

ITR Form: ITR-2
Crypto tax: ₹90,000 (30% of ₹3,00,000)

Scenario 2: Crypto Trading Business

Profile: Full-time crypto trader
Trading turnover:₹50,00,000
Net profit:₹8,00,000
Business income:₹8,00,000

ITR Form: ITR-3
Tax rate: Slab rate (not 30% flat rate)

Important Deadlines and Compliance

📅 Key Deadlines

  • ITR Filing: July 31st (for individuals without audit)
  • Advance Tax: Quarterly payments if tax liability > ₹10,000
  • TDS Certificates: Must be obtained before filing
  • Late Filing: ₹5,000 penalty + interest on unpaid tax

⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Using ITR-1 when you have crypto income
  • Not reporting small transactions or airdrops
  • Forgetting to claim TDS credits
  • Mixing up business income vs capital gains treatment
  • Not maintaining proper supporting documents

💡 Professional Tip

If your crypto transactions are complex (multiple exchanges, DeFi activities, NFTs), consider hiring a chartered accountant familiar with crypto taxation. The cost of professional help is often much less than potential penalties for incorrect filing.

📚 Next Chapter Preview

In the final chapter, we'll explore VDA gift taxation, mining income, staking rewards, and advanced scenarios including unexplained assets provisions.